Social sciences are composed of academic fields such as sociology, political science, economics, and business administration, each of which has its own research subjects, but there are many common analytical methods. Therefore, in this issue of the magazine, we have featured "Model Analysis in Social Sciences" in issue 51 (published on March 31, 2021) and "Data Analysis in Social Sciences" in issue 53 (published on March 31, 2022), and asked researchers from different fields to explain specific analytical methods in each issue. This special feature, the third in the series, focuses on historical analysis. History is usually considered a field of humanities, but methods such as focusing on history to verify theoretical hypotheses or investigating the history of individual events and building theories from them are also used in various fields of social science. In addition, there are also research projects that distance themselves from such theoretical research and aim to clarify the facts by examining specific history in detail. In this special feature, researchers from each field will introduce various aspects of such historical analysis. The first article considers Max Weber's historical analysis. First, let us review Weber's criticism of positivism.
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